{"id":2620,"date":"2022-03-24T11:49:10","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T11:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=2620"},"modified":"2023-06-21T16:33:20","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T10:33:20","slug":"static-electricity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/static-electricity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09dc\u09bf\u09ce (Static electricity)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8 (<\/b>Thales : 626-548 B.C.) <\/b>\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a5\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u0997\u09be\u099b\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09a0\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09ae\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u0995\u09c7 \u0998\u09b7\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u0995\u09be\u0997\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 <\/span>\u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f (<\/b>William Gilbert : 1544-1603) <\/b>\u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u09ac\u09be \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09a3 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a1. \u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u0998\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae-\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0987 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 (<\/strong><\/span>Electrification) <\/strong>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0<\/b> \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/b> (Coulomb\u2019s law)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7; \u09af\u09a5\u09be-<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac (Coulomb) 1785 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0(Coulomb\u2019s law) \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c (<\/b>Point charge) :<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u0986\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac\u0987 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0993\u0987 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c<\/strong> \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <\/span>\u0993\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09a4 \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09af\u09c7 \u0993\u0987\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 (<\/span>mathematical point) <\/span>\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 <\/span>\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 (<\/b>Coulomb’s law) <\/b>\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span>–<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995, \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u0995 \u09b8\u09b0\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be (Explanation):<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 q_1<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 q_2<\/span><\/span> \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 <\/span>r<\/span> \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 [\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0]\u0964 \u098f\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 <\/span>F<\/span> \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7,<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Coulomb's<\/p>\n

F \\propto q_{1} q_{2}<\/span> \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \\text{r}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u09ac\u0982 F \\propto \\frac{1}{r^{2}}<\/span><\/span> \u09af\u0996\u09a8 q_{1}<\/span><\/span> \u0993 q_{2}<\/span><\/span> \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09af\u0996\u09a8 r<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0q_{1}<\/span><\/span> \u0993 q_{2}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8<\/span><\/p>\nF \\propto \\frac{q_{2} q_{2}}{r^{2}}<\/span>\n

\u09ac\u09be,\u00a0 F=K \\frac{q_{2} q_{2}}{r^{2}}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2026\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2026 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2026 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (2.1)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 K \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac\u0995\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <\/span>F<\/span>, q_{1}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 q_{2}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0993 <\/span>r<\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u09b8. \u0986\u0987. (S. I.) \u09ac\u09be \u098f\u09ae. \u0995\u09c7. \u098f\u09b8. (M. K. S.) \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 <\/span>\\text {K}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \\mathrm{Nm}^{2} \\mathrm{coul}^{-2}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

K=\\frac{1}{4 \\pi \u20ac}<\/span>\u00a0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7<\/span> (Epsilon) <\/span>\u09b9\u09b2\u09cb<\/span> \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c<\/span> \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf<\/span> \u09af\u09c7<\/span> \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7<\/span> \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4<\/span> \u0993\u0987<\/span> \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be (permittivity)<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n\\therefore F=\\frac{1}{4 \\pi \u20ac} \\frac{q_{1} q_{2}}{r^{2}} \\quad \\ldots \\quad \\ldots \\quad \\ldots \\quad \\text { (2.2) }<\/span>\n

\u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af<\/b> \u09ac\u09be<\/b> \u09ac\u09be\u09df\u09c1<\/b> \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0<\/b> \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7<\/b> \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0<\/b> \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/b> \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/b> (The Coulomb formula in zero or air medium):<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u00a0\\therefore F_{0}=\\frac{1}{4 \\pi \\varepsilon_{0}} \\frac{q_{1} q_{2}}{r^{2}} \\quad \\ldots \\quad \\ldots . \\quad \\ldots . \\quad(2.3)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 F_{0}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <\/span>0<\/span>(Epsilon\u00a0naught)<\/span> \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ad\u09c7\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be<\/strong>\u0964 \\epsilon_{0}=8.854 \\times 10^{-12} \\text { \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac }^{2} \/ \\text { \u0928\u093f\u0989\u099f\u0928 }-\\text { \u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 }^{2}\\left(\\frac{C^{2}}{N m^{2}}\\right)<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \\frac{1}{4 \\pi \\epsilon_{0}}=9 \\times 10^{9} \\text { \u0928\u093f\u0989\u099f\u0928 - \u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 }^{2} \/ \\text { \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac }^{2}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09b9\u09df\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac, \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 F_{0}=9 \\times 10^{9} \\frac{q_{1} q_{2}}{r^{2}}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0<\/b> \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0<\/b> \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0<\/b> \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa <\/b>(<\/b>Vector form of Coulomb\u2019s law)<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u09af\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf, \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0\\vec{F}=\\frac{1}{4 \\pi \\epsilon} \\frac{q_{1} q_{2}}{r^{2}} \\hat{n}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <\/span>\\hat{n}<\/span><\/span> \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u0995 \u09b8\u09b0\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u0964 \\hat{n}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 <\/span>\\vec{F}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b0\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u00a0 \\hat{n}=\\frac{\\vec{r}}{r}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\\therefore \\quad \\vec{F}=\\hat{n} F=\\frac{\\vec{r}}{r} F=\\frac{1}{4 \\pi \\epsilon} \\frac{q_{1} q_{2}}{r^{3}} \\vec{r}<\/span>\n

\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 <\/b>(Unit of charge)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u098f\u09b8. \u0986\u0987. (S. I.) \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 1 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 1 \u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 9 \\times 10^{9} N<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u09ac\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0995\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac<\/strong> \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf (<\/b>Nature of force)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7<\/span>\u09b0 \u09a1\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 <\/span>F<\/span>–<\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <\/span>F<\/span>–<\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c0\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/span>, <\/span>\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09ab\u09b2 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 <\/span>F<\/span>–<\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c0\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/span>, <\/span>\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09ab\u09b2 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n