{"id":2627,"date":"2022-03-24T11:26:54","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T11:26:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=2627"},"modified":"2022-03-24T05:59:05","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T05:59:05","slug":"electric-force","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/electric-force\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2 (Electric force)"},"content":{"rendered":"

E<\/span> <\/span>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 +q<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09aa\u09b0\u0996 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c (test charge) \u09af\u09a6\u09bf <\/span>F<\/span> <\/span>\u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2<\/span><\/p>\n

F = q E<\/span> <\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2026\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2026 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2026\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (2.8)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2 \u0993\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be<\/b>\u00a0(<\/b>Comparison between electrostatic force and gravitational force)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af<\/b> (Similarity)<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u09e7. \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u0987 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09e8. \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u0987 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2<\/span>; <\/span>\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09e9. \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u0987 \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ea. \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u0987 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2 <\/span>(central force) <\/span>\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be<\/span> \u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09c8\u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af (Contrast):<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2<\/b><\/td>\n\u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09ac\u09b2<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u09e7. \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n\u09e7. \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac\u0987 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u09e8. \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n

\u09e8. \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u09e9. \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n\u09e9. \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u00a0(Superposition principle of electric force)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995, \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c q_{1}, q_{2}<\/span><\/span> \u0993 q_{3}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7 [\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09e8.\u09e8]<\/span>\u0964 <\/span>\u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be q_{3}<\/span><\/span>, \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 q_{1}<\/span><\/span>, \u0993 q_{2}<\/span><\/span>, \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 q_{1}<\/span><\/span> \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af q_{3}<\/span><\/span>-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2 \\vec{F}_{31}<\/span><\/span>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 q_{2}<\/span>,<\/span> \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af q_{3}<\/span><\/span>-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2 \\vec{F}_{32}<\/span><\/span> -\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09a8 q_{3}<\/span><\/span> -\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b2\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099f \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2 \\vec{F}_{3}<\/span><\/span>, \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \\vec{F}_{31}<\/span><\/span> \u0993 \\vec{F}_{32}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09ac\u09b2\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09ab\u09b2\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, <\/span>\\vec{F}_{3} = \\vec{F}_{31} + \\vec{F}_{32}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce<\/p>\n

\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7 q_{3}<\/span><\/span>, \u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 q_{1}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc q_{2}<\/span><\/span> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 q_{3}<\/span> <\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 q_{2}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc q_{1}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u099f \u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc <\/b>(Things to know)<\/b>:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u09e7\u0964 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09e8\u0964 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09e9\u0964 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0986\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09b0<\/b> \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0<\/b>?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0986\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/span>, <\/span>\u09a4\u09ac\u09c1\u0993<\/span>, <\/span>\u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/span> \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 (<\/span>radial) <\/span>\u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u0993 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 (Electric field)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09af\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0986\u09b6\u09c7\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u0996 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a1\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09a7\u09be\u09ac\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u0996 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09c0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 <\/b>(Unit of electric field):<\/b><\/p>\n

\u098f\u09b8. \u0986\u0987. (S. I.) \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0964<\/strong> \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac, \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8\/\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac (N \/ C)<\/span><\/span>\u0964 \u098f \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\/\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 (V \/ m)<\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 (Electric flux) :<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a4\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09a4\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 <\/span>\u098f\u0995\u09c7 <\/span>\\varphi_{E}<\/span><\/span> \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b2 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09e8.\u09ea (\u0995)]<\/span><\/p>\n

    (ii) \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u0995\u09cb\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc [\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09e8.\u09ea (\u0996)]<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\" \"\"\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09e8.\u09ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c0\u09a4 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09ab\u09b2\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac, N<\/span> \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/span><\/p>\n

    \\vec{E}=\\vec{E}_{1}+\\vec{E}_{2}+\\vec{E}_{3}+\\ldots \\ldots . \\ldots . \\ldots . \\vec{E}_{n}=\\sum \\vec{E}_{n} \\ldots<\/span>\u00a0 (2.9)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201c\u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af 10 \u098f\u09b8. \u0986\u0987. \u098f\u0995\u0995\u0964\u201d <\/b>\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u0987\u00a0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 1 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac \u09a7\u09a8 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 10 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u09b8\u09c1\u09b7\u09ae \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 (<\/b>Uniform electric field)<\/b><\/h2>\n

    \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b7\u09ae \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b7\u09ae \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 [\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09e8.\u09eb]\u0964 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ab\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09c1\u09b7\u09ae \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be<\/b> (<\/b>Electric line of force)<\/b><\/h2>\n

    \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 <\/strong>\u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0993 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/strong> \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u0995 \u0993\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae :<\/b><\/h3>\n

    \u09e7\u0964 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u09e8\u0964 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0986\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0986\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u09e9\u0964 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0995\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u099b\u09c7\u09a6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u09ea\u0964 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u09eb\u0964 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c1\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u09ec\u0964 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0998\u09a8 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0995\u09ae \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u09ed\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0\u0987 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7? \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u0964<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0993 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09b0 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09a4\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7<\/span>; <\/span>\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0993 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0993 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u00a0(Electric field intensity or electric intensity):<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 <\/strong>\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u0993 (field intensity) \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8\/\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

      Image \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 : \u09e8.\u09ec<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 <\/span>\\vec{E}<\/span><\/span> \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u0964 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ad\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf, \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 <\/span>E<\/span><\/span>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u0996 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 [\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09e8.\u09ec(\u0995)], \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \\vec{E}<\/span><\/span>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \\vec{F}<\/span><\/span>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc [\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09e8.\u09ec(\u0996)]\u0964 \u09a4\u09dc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u0996 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c q{0}<\/span><\/span>-\u098f\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2 <\/span>F<\/span> \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, \u0993\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09dc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7,<\/span><\/p>\n

      \\vec{E}=\\frac{\\vec{F}}{q_{0}} \\quad \\ldots \\quad \\ldots . \\quad \\ldots<\/span> (2.10)<\/span><\/p>\n

      \\therefore \\vec{F}=q_{0} \\vec{E}<\/span> \u2026<\/span> \u2026.<\/span> \u2026.<\/span> (2.11)<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 (2.11) \u09a4\u09dc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09dc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u09a4\u09dc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09ab\u09b2\u0987 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09dc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09dc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u00a0\u09aa\u09b0\u0996 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c (test charge) \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0993\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09ac\u09b2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2026\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2026<\/p>\n

      Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4246,3029,50,51],"tags":[2023,2027,2024,2020,2026,2022,2025,2021],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2627"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2627"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7747,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2627\/revisions\/7747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}