{"id":2983,"date":"2022-03-24T16:59:28","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T16:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=2983"},"modified":"2023-06-18T12:40:38","modified_gmt":"2023-06-18T06:40:38","slug":"application-of-kirchhoff-circuit-laws","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/application-of-kirchhoff-circuit-laws\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0995\u09bf\u09f0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 (Application of Kirchhoff’s Circuit laws)"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

\u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 <\/b>(Use of Kirchhoff’s formula at Wheatstone Bridge)<\/b><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09bf\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b2\u09c1\u09aa \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 (galvanometer) \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09f0\u09c0\u099c (Wheatstone Bridge) \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995, \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 P, Q, R \u0993 S \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u099c ACDF \u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 A \u0993 D \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 B \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0997 \u099a\u09be\u09ac\u09bf K \u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 X \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 C \u0993 F \u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 G \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\"kirchhoff\u2019s<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 G \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 P, R, Q, S \u0993 G-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 i_{1}, i_{2}, i_{3}, i_{4}<\/span> \u0993 i_{g}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf C \u0993 F \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

i_{1}-i_{3}-i_{g}=0<\/span>\u00a0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce<\/span>\u00a0i_{1}=i_{3}+i_{g}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u09ac\u0982 i_{2}+i_{g}-i_{4}=0<\/span>\u00a0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce\u00a0i_{4}=i_{2}+i_{g}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf (kirchhoff\u2019s second law)<\/strong> \u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0 ACFA \u0993 CDFC-\u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ni_{1} P+i_{g} G-i_{2} R=0<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u09ac\u0982 i_{3} Q+i_{4} S-i_{g} G=0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc, i_{g}=0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u0987 \u098f \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 (3.18) \u0993 (3.19) \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, i_{1}=i_{3}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 i_{4}=i_{2}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 (3.20) \u0993 (3.21) \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, i_{1} P=i_{2} R<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u09ac\u0982 i_{3} Q=i_{4} S<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 (3.22)-\u0995\u09c7 (3.23) \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\\frac{i_{1} P}{i_{3} Q}=\\frac{i_{2} R}{i_{4} S}<\/span>\u00a0 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/i>\u00a0 i_{1}=i_{3}<\/span> \u0993 i_{4}=i_{2}<\/span>

\\therefore \\frac{P}{Q}=\\frac{R}{S}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 (3.24) \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7, \u099a\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 (Wheatstone Bridge) \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong> \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u2212<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(i) <\/span>\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac \u09ac\u09c8\u09b7\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u098f\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\\left(\\mathrm{V}_{A}-\\mathrm{V}_{D}\\right)=(\\mathrm{P}+\\mathrm{Q}) i_{1}=(\\mathrm{R}+\\mathrm{S}) i_{2}<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(ii) <\/span>\u098f\u0995\u0987\u0995\u09cd\u09f0\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\\frac{P}{Q}=\\frac{R}{S}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09c0 ?<\/b><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 (galvanometer) \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0<\/b>\u0964<\/b><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09c7 S-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 S-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 S-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 S-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, \u0993\u0987 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09be (sensitivity) \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c (Wheatstone Bridge) \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 (<\/b>Application of Kirchhoff’s laws in case of series combination of cells)<\/b><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc (Measuring electric current):<\/b><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \\mathrm{E}_{1}, \\mathrm{E}_{2}, \\mathrm{E}_{3}<\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 r_{1}, r_{2}, r_{3}<\/span> (\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0)\u0964 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 R \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be =i.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\"kirchhoff\u2019s<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 (kirchhoff\u2019s second law)<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\\begin{array}{l}\n\\mathrm{E}_{1}+\\mathrm{E}_{2}+\\mathrm{E}_{3}=i r_{1}+i r_{2}+i r_{3}+i R \\\\\ni\\left(r_{1}+r_{2}+r_{3}+R\\right)=\\mathrm{E}_{1}+\\mathrm{E}_{2}+\\mathrm{E}_{3} \\\\\n\\therefore i=\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{1}+\\mathrm{E}_{2}+\\mathrm{E}_{3}}{r_{1}+r_{2}+r_{3}+R}\n\\end{array}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09af\u09a6\u09bf n \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ni=\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{1}+\\mathrm{E}_{2}+\\mathrm{E}_{3} \\ldots+\\mathrm{E}_{\\mathrm{n}}}{\\mathrm{R}+r_{1}+r_{2}+r_{3}+\\cdots+r_{n}}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09b2 E \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 r \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ni=\\frac{\\mathrm{nE}}{\\mathrm{R}+\\mathrm{nr}}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(i) <\/span>\\mathrm{R} \\gg n r<\/span><\/span> \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, i=\\frac{\\mathrm{nE}}{\\mathrm{R}}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 n \u0997\u09c1\u09a3 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(ii) <\/span>\\mathrm{R} \\ll n r<\/span><\/span> \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, i=\\frac{n \\mathrm{E}}{n r}=\\frac{E}{r}<\/span><\/span>; \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u09a5 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8<\/span>\u0964<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc (Determining Potential difference:):<\/b><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 i \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 R \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af R \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af,<\/span><\/p>\r\nV=i \\mathrm{R}=\\frac{\\mathrm{nER}}{\\mathrm{R}+n r}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 (<\/b>Application of Kirchhoff’s laws in case of parallel combination of cells)<\/b><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf A, B \u098f\u09ac\u0982 C \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u0964 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09b2 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \\mathrm{E}_{1}, \\mathrm{E}_{2}, \\mathrm{E}_{3}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 r_{1}, r_{2}, r_{3}<\/span><\/span>\u0964 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c7 R \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7 [\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0]\u0964 \\mathrm{E}_{1}, \\mathrm{E}_{2}, \\mathrm{E}_{3}<\/span><\/span> \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 i_{1}, i_{2}, i_{3}<\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\"kirchhoff\u2019s<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u0996\u09a8 P \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be Q \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e7\u09ae \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/strong> (kirchhoff\u2019s first law)<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

i_{1}+i_{2}+i_{3}=i<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03.27<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 (kirchhoff\u2019s second law)<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0 PAQRP \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987, i_{1} r_{1}+i R=\\mathrm{E}_{1}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03.28<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0 PBQRP \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987, i_{2} r_{2}+i R=\\mathrm{E}_{2}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03.29<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0 PCQRP \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987, i_{3} r_{3}+i R=\\mathrm{E}_{3}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03.30<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 (3.28), (3.29) \u0993 (3.30) \u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 r_{1}, r_{2}, r_{3}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09ab\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\\left(i_{1}+i_{2}+i_{3}\\right)+i\\left(\\frac{R}{r_{1}}+\\frac{R}{r_{2}}+\\frac{R}{r_{3}}\\right)=\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{1}}{r_{1}}+\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{2}}{r_{2}}+\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{3}}{r_{3}}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09be<\/span><\/i>, i+i\\left(\\frac{R}{r_{1}}+\\frac{R}{r_{2}}+\\frac{R}{r_{3}}\\right)=\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{1}}{r_{1}}+\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{2}}{r_{2}}+\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{3}}{r_{3}}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09be, i\\left\\{1+R\\left(\\frac{1}{r_{1}}+\\frac{1}{r_{2}}+\\frac{1}{r_{3}}\\right)\\right\\}=\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{1}}{r_{1}}+\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{2}}{r_{2}}+\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{3}}{r_{3}}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

i=\\frac{\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{1}}{r_{1}}+\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{2}}{r_{2}}+\\frac{\\mathrm{E}_{3}}{r_{3}}}{1+R\\left(\\frac{1}{r_{1}}+\\frac{1}{r_{2}}+\\frac{1}{r_{3}}\\right)}<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03.31<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u0996\u09a8 R, r_{1}+r_{2}+r_{3}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \\mathrm{E}_{1}+\\mathrm{E}_{2}+\\mathrm{E}_{3}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <\/span>i<\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09b2 E \u0993 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c0\u09a3 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 r \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 i=\\frac{\\frac{n \\mathrm{E}}{r}}{1+\\frac{n R}{r}}=\\frac{n \\mathrm{E}}{n R+r}<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03.32<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(i) R \\gg \\frac{r}{n}<\/span><\/span> \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, \\mathrm{I}=\\frac{\\mathrm{E}}{\\mathrm{R}}<\/span><\/span>; \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(ii) R \\ll \\frac{r}{n}<\/span><\/span> \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, \\mathrm{I}=\\frac{n \\mathrm{E}}{\\mathrm{R}}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 n \u0997\u09c1\u09a3<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af <\/b>(Potential difference):<\/b><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

R \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af, V=i R=\\left(\\frac{n \\mathrm{E}}{n R+r}\\right) \\times \\mathrm{R}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c (Wheatstone Bridge) \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4, \\frac{\\mathrm{P}}{\\mathrm{Q}}=\\frac{\\mathrm{R}}{\\mathrm{S}}<\/span><\/span> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u09a4\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09c1\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u09b9\u09c1\u0987\u099f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u099c\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 (Use of Kirchhoff’s formula at Wheatstone Bridge) \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09bf\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b2\u09c1\u09aa \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf<\/p>\n

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