{"id":3206,"date":"2022-03-24T19:55:12","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T19:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=3206"},"modified":"2023-06-19T15:45:35","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T09:45:35","slug":"structure-of-nucleus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/structure-of-nucleus\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 (Structure of nucleus)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1911 <\/span><\/i>\u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0 \u0997\u09be\u0987\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8 \u0986\u09b2\u09ab\u09be \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0998\u09a8 \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099f \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09aa\u09bf\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 (\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc 10^{-8}\u00a0cm<\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/i>\u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0 (\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc 10^{-12}\u00a0cm<\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/i>\u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u099f\u09be \u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8\u09cb (<\/span>Neutrino), <\/span><\/i>\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09ad\u09b0\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u0964 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0 (<\/span>Cosmic ray) <\/span><\/i>\u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09a3\u09be \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09ae\u09c7\u09b8\u09a8 (<\/span>Meson)<\/span><\/i>\u0964<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 9.1 \\times 10^{-31}\u00a0kg<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/i>\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c 1.6 \\times 10^{-19}\u00a0C<\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/i>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 1.672 \\times10^{-27}\u00a0kg<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/i>\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c 1.6 \\times 10^{-19}\u00a0C<\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/i>\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 1.675 \\times 10^{-27}\u00a0kg<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09ac\u09be 1.675 \\times 10^{-24}\u00a0g<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09af\u09be \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 <\/span>1839<\/span> \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c7\u09a4 : <\/b>\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be (Z)<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be (A)<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i>\u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 A<\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 Z<\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09ab\u09b2\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be (N)<\/span>\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce N=A\u2013z<\/span>\u0964<\/h3>\n

\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 <\/span>\\underset{\\mathrm{Z}}{\\mathrm{A}} \\mathrm{X}<\/span><\/span> \u00a0<\/span>\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 <\/span>\\begin{array}{r}\n\n235 \\\\\n\n92\n\n\\end{array}U<\/span> <\/span>\u00a0\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 235 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09ad\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be (A)<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u098f\u09ac\u0982 92 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be (Z)<\/span>\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0986\u09b0, A-Z=235-92=143<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 =\u00a0N\u00a0=<\/span><\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 <\/b>: <\/i><\/b>\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 <\/span>R <\/span><\/i>\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0\\mathrm{R}=\\mathrm{r}_{0} \\mathrm{~A}^{1 \/ 3}<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7<\/span>, \\mathrm{r}_{0}<\/span><\/span><\/i>=<\/span> \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be<\/span>, <\/span><\/i>A=<\/span><\/span> \u09ad\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/span>, <\/span><\/i>\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathrm{r}_{0}<\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc 12 \\times 10^{-15} \\mathrm{~m} \\mid 10^{-15} \\mathrm{~m}=1<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09ab\u09c7\u09ae\u099f\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 (<\/span>fm)<\/span><\/i>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09a8 \u0993 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac : <\/b>\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09a8<\/span>, V=\\frac{4}{3} \\pi R^{3}<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/h3>\n=\\frac{4}{3} \\pi r_{0}{ }^{3} \\mathrm{~A} \\quad\\left[\\mathrm{R}=\\mathrm{r}_{0} \\mathrm{~A}^{1 \/ 3}\\right]<\/span>\n

\u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac<\/span>, <\/span><\/i>\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be<\/span>; <\/span><\/i>\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0<\/span>, <\/span><\/i>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 <\/span>=<\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 <\/span>=<\/span> m<\/span><\/span> \u09a7\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7<\/span>,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 <\/span>=<\/span>\u00a0Am<\/span>, <\/span><\/i>\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <\/span>A<\/span> =<\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2234<\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac<\/span>,<\/span><\/i> \\rho_{\\mathrm{N}}=\\frac{\\mathrm{Am}}{\\frac{4}{3} \\pi \\mathrm{r}_{0}{ }^{3} \\mathrm{~A}}=\\frac{3 \\mathrm{~m}}{4 \\pi \\mathrm{r}_{0}{ }^{3}}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0987 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc A<\/span> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4; \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac (Proton-neutron theory)<\/b><\/h2>\n

1932 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u0989\u0987\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09ad\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be A<\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be Z<\/span>\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u098f\u0987 \u09af\u09c7 A<\/span> \u09ad\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 Z<\/span> \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 Z<\/span> \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8, (A\u2013Z)=N<\/span> \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 Z<\/span> \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 { }_{2}^{4} \\mathrm{He}<\/span> \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 A=4, Z=2<\/span>\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac, \u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 2\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 (4-2)=2<\/span> \u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 2\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n

\"\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:<\/p>\n

\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09c7\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09a3\u09be \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09ae\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09c7\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u099c\u09bf\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 (\u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8) \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\nn \\rightarrow p^{+}+e^{-}<\/span>\n

\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u099c\u09bf\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\np^{+} \\rightarrow n+e^{-}<\/span>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09c7\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u0993 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u099f\u09be \u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0989\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u0986\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09a3\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n

n \\rightarrow p^{+}+e^{-}<\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8\u09cb<\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 ?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0995\u099a \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2 (Nuclear force)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0) \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0983\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09a4 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u0993\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/b><\/p>\n

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Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4253,3029,50,51],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3206"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6535,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206\/revisions\/6535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}