{"id":3326,"date":"2022-03-24T07:00:01","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T07:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=3326"},"modified":"2022-04-16T12:47:45","modified_gmt":"2022-04-16T06:47:45","slug":"%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%a3-%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%a3-%e0%a6%9f%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%87%e0%a6%9f%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b6%e0%a6%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%a3-%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%a3-%e0%a6%9f%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%87%e0%a6%9f%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b6%e0%a6%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf | Principle of Oxidation Reduction Titration"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf, \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 B \u098f\u09b0 y \u09ae\u09cb\u09b2 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc n \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 \u098f n \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 x \u09ae\u09cb\u09b2 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 A \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac, \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7,<\/span>
\n<\/span>xA+yB <\/span>\u2192<\/span> \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6.. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 (i)<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995, \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 A \u098f\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09a8 =V_{A} L<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span>\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 A \u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be =\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{A}} \\mathrm{mol}^{-1}<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span>\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 B \u098f\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09a8 =\\mathrm{V}_{\\mathrm{B}} \\mathrm{L}<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span>\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 B \u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{B}} \\mathrm{mol}^{-1}<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span>\u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 (i) \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc-\\frac{A \\text {\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be }}{B \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be }=\\frac{x}{y}<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span>\u09ac\u09be,\\frac{V_{\\mathrm{A}} \\cdot \\mathrm{M}_{A}}{V_{B} M_{B}}=\\frac{\\mathrm{x}}{\\mathrm{y}}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be=\\mathrm{V}_{\\mathrm{A}} \\times \\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{A}}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be=\\mathrm{V}_{\\mathrm{B}} \\times \\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{B}}<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span>\u09ac\u09be, y \\cdot V_{A} \\cdot M_{A}=x \\cdot V_{B} \\cdot M_{B} \\cdots \\cdots \\cdots \\cdots<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>(ii) <\/span>\u09a8\u0982<\/span> \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3<\/span> \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7<\/span> \u0985\u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/span> \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> (<\/span>\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995<\/span> \u09ac\u09be<\/span> \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995<\/span>) <\/span>\u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be<\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/span> \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/span> \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span> \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce<\/span> \u098f<\/span> \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09af\u09c7<\/span> \u0995\u09cb\u09a8<\/span> \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8<\/span> \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0<\/span> \u09ae\u09be\u09a8<\/span> \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/span> \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7<\/span> \u099a\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5<\/span> \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0<\/span> \u09ae\u09be\u09a8<\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/span> \u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/span> \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u099f\u09bf\u0987<\/span> \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3<\/span> \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3<\/span> \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3<\/b>:<\/b> \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{SO}_{4}<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u098f\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1<\/span> \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 (<\/span>\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995<\/span>) <\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be<\/span> \\mathrm{FeSO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995<\/span>) <\/span>\u0995\u09c7<\/span> \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4<\/span> \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0<\/span> \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7<\/span> \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf<\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/span>– <\/span>\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/span> \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/span>:<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>10 \\mathrm{FeSO}_{4}+2 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}+8 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{SO}_{4} \\rightarrow 5 \\mathrm{Fe}_{2}\\left(\\mathrm{SO}_{4}\\right)_{3}+2 \\mathrm{MnSO}_{4}+\\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{SO}_{4}+8 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7, 2 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b2 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}=10<\/span>\u09ae\u09cb\u09b2 FeSO_4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1000 \\mathrm{ml}\\hspace{2mm} 2 \\mathrm{M} \\hspace{2mm}\\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}=10 \\mathrm{~mol}\\hspace{2mm} \\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n1 \\mathrm{ml}\\hspace{2mm}\n\n\\mathrm{1M} \\hspace{2mm}\\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}=\\frac{10 \\times 55.85}{1000 \\times 2} \\mathrm{~g} \\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}<\/span>\n

\u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}<\/span><\/span>\u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8: \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \\mathrm{\\bf KMnO}_{4}<\/span>\u00a0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be \u0993 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u0964<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\\mathrm{\\bf KMnO}_{4}<\/span> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

(i) \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 100ml \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 0.1 \\mathrm{~cm}^{3}\\hspace{2mm} 0.02 \\mathrm{M} \\hspace{2mm}\\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be \u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u09aa\u09bf \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac 1.52 volt\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\\mathrm{\\bf KMnO}_{4}<\/span>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

(i) \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \\mathrm{MnO}_{2}<\/span><\/span>\u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f \\mathrm{MnO}_{2}<\/span><\/span> \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u0983\u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span> <\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u098f \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09be\u09a2\u09bc \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cb\u09a4\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8: \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \\mathrm{\\bf K}_{2} \\mathrm{\\bf Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{\\bf O}_{7}<\/span> \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be \u0993 \u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u0964<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 :<\/b><\/p>\n

\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be:<\/b><\/h3>\n

(i) \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09af\u09cc\u0997 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span> <\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u098f\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be 1 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cc\u09b9\u0996\u09a8\u09bf\u099c \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0985\u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be:<\/b><\/h3>\n

(i) \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span> <\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac 1.33 volt \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span> <\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09ac, 1.52 volt \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}, \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc \u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span> <\/span>\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u0995 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a1\u09be\u0987 \u09ab\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8, \u09b8\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09a1\u09be\u0987 \u09ab\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/b>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8 : \\mathrm{\\bf KMnO}_{4}<\/span> \u09ac\u09be \\mathrm{\\bf K}_{2} \\mathrm{\\bf Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{\\bf O}_{7}<\/span> \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 :<\/b> \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u09ac\u09be \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span><\/span>\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0964 \u098f\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09c7 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span> <\/span>\u09ac\u09be \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span> <\/span>\u098f Mn \u098f\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span> <\/span>\u098f\u09b0 Cr \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u09ac\u09be \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span><\/span> \u09ac\u09be \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span> <\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}<\/span><\/span>\u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span> <\/span>\u09ac\u09be \\mathrm{K}_{2} \\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{7}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09b8 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09bf\u0999\u09cd\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u0997\u09be\u09ae \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a4\u0983\u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u0987 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8: \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09c1\u099d?\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf (Iodimetry): <\/b>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09ab\u09be\u0987\u099f, \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09df \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3:<\/b> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09ab\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \\left(\\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}\\right)<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09df \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09df\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0998\u099f\u09c7-<\/span><\/p>\n

2 \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}+\\mathrm{I}_{2} \\rightarrow \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{4} \\mathrm{O}_{6}+2 \\mathrm{NaI}<\/span> <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be:\u00a0<\/b>2 \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}^{2-} \\rightarrow \\mathrm{S}_{4} \\mathrm{O}_{6}^{2-}+2 \\mathrm{e}^{-} \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots<\/span>(i)<\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be:\u00a0 <\/b>\\mathrm{I}_{2}+2 \\mathrm{e}^{-} \\rightarrow 2 \\mathrm{I}^{-} \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots<\/span>(ii)<\/p>\n

(i)+ (ii)\\rightarrow 2 \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}{ }^{2-}+\\mathrm{I}_{2} \\rightarrow \\mathrm{S}_{4} \\mathrm{O}_{6}{ }^{2-}+2 \\mathrm{I}^{-}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0986\u09df\u09cb\u09a1\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf (Iodometry) :<\/b> \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09ab\u09c7\u099f \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \\mathrm{I}_{2}<\/span> <\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8-\u00a0 \\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}, \\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}<\/span> <\/span>\u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3:<\/b> \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09c7 (\\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3) \u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ab\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 KI \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \\mathrm{I}_{2}<\/span> \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}<\/span> <\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa-<\/span>
\n<\/span>2 \\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}+4 \\mathrm{KI} \\rightarrow \\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \\mathrm{I}_{2}+\\mathrm{I}_{2}+2 \\mathrm{~K}_{2} \\mathrm{SO}_{4} \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots \\text { (i) }<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2 \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}+\\mathrm{I}_{2} \\rightarrow \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{4} \\mathrm{O}_{6}+2 \\mathrm{NaI} \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots \\ldots \\text { (ii) }<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>(i) \u0993 (ii) \u09a8\u0982 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7-<\/span>
\n<\/span>2 \\mathrm{CuSO}_{4} \\equiv \\mathrm{I}_{2} \\equiv 2 \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09be, 1 \\mathrm{mol}\\hspace{2mm}\\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3} \\equiv 1 \\mathrm{mol}\\hspace{2mm} \\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u22611 \\mathrm{mol}\\hspace{2mm} \\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce 1000 \\mathrm{~cm}^{3}\\hspace{2mm} 1 \\mathrm{M}\\hspace{2mm} \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}<\/span><\/span> \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 = 63.54g \\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09be, 1 \\mathrm{~cm}^{3}\\hspace{2mm} 1 \\mathrm{M}\\hspace{2mm} \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}<\/span><\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 = 0.006354g \\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \\mathrm{y~cm}^{2}\\hspace{2mm} 1 \\mathrm{M}\\hspace{2mm} \\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}<\/span> <\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \\mathrm{y} \\mathrm{cm}^{3}\\hspace{2mm} 1 \\mathrm{M} \\hspace{2mm}\\mathrm{Na}_{2} \\mathrm{~S}_{2} \\mathrm{O}_{3}<\/span> <\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 = (0.006354\u00d7<\/span>?<\/span>)g \\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}<\/span><\/span>\u0964 \u098f \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099a \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}<\/span> <\/span>\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7 \\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}<\/span><\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a4 \u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0985\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a4 \u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09df \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09df \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8<\/p>\n

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