{"id":4245,"date":"2022-03-24T14:50:29","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T14:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=4245"},"modified":"2022-03-24T13:37:58","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T13:37:58","slug":"absorption-of-mineral-salts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/absorption-of-mineral-salts\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac(plant physiology) Part-1 : \u0996\u09a3\u09bf\u099c \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 (Absorption of mineral salts)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>\u0996\u09a8\u09bf\u099c \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Mineral salt availability theory)<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>(i) \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a1\u09be\u0987-\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u098f\u0995\u099a\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Carbon dioxide exchange theory):<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u099b \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{H}^{+}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u099f \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{HCO}_{3}{ }^{-}\\right)-<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u09a1\u09be\u09b2 \u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{K}^{+}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{H}^{+}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{HCO}_{3}{ }^{-}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0993 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0998\u099f\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0987 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09b2\u09ad\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4252 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.1-1.png\" alt=\"Mineral-salt-availability-theory\" width=\"2315\" height=\"1476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.1-1.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.1-1-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.1-1-1024x653.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.1-1-768x490.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.1-1-1536x979.png 1536w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.1-1-2048x1306.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a1\u09be\u0987-\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u098f\u0995\u099a\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4253 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.2.png\" alt=\"Mineral-salt-availability-theory\" width=\"2315\" height=\"1476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.2.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.2-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.2-1024x653.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.2-768x490.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.2-1536x979.png 1536w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3.2-2048x1306.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0: \u0995\u09a8\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u0995\u099a\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>(ii) \u0995\u09a8\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u0995\u099a\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Contact exchange theory):<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u09a1\u09be\u09b2 \u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u0995\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u09a1\u09be\u09b2 \u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09aa\u09ce \u0998\u099f\u09c7 (overlap) \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099a\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u098f\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 (\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09b2\u09ad\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0996\u09a3\u09bf\u099c \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 <\/b><b>(Absorption of mineral salts)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0996\u09a8\u09bf\u099c \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0987 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 (Absorption of mineral salts)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09aa\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae (\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09cc\u09b2)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1\/\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c7\u09a4<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u09b6\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u0995 \u0993\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac (m mol\/kg)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7. \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60,000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e8. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40,000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e9. \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{O}_{2}, \\mathrm{CO}_{2}, \\mathrm{H}_{2}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30,000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ea. \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}, \\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09eb. \u09aa\u099f\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{K}^{+} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">250<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ec. \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ca<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Ca}^{++} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">125<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ed. \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09a8\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mg<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Mg}^{++} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">80<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ee. \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{PO}_{4}{ }^{3-} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ef. \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09ab\u09be\u09b0 (\u0997\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u0995)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{SO}_{4}{ }^{2-} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09e6. \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cl<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Cl}^{-} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09e7. \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{BO}_{3}{ }^{-} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09e8. \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09b0\u09a8 (\u09b2\u09cc\u09b9)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fe<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}, \\mathrm{Fe}^{3+} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09e9. \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u099c<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mn<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Mn}^{2+} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09ea. \u099c\u09bf\u0982\u0995 (\u09a6\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zn<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Zn}^{2+} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09eb. \u0995\u09aa\u09be\u09b0 (\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09be)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cu<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09ec. \u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ni<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Ni}^{2+} \\\\<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09ed. \u09ae\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mo<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{MO}_{4}^{2-}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.001<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0996\u09a8\u09bf\u099c \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1&#8217;\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc; \u09af\u09a5\u09be (\u09e7) \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 (\u09e8) \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>(\u09e7) \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 (Active Salt absorption):<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09ae \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0990 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0986\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 (concentration gradient) \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u0987 \u098f \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 ( Active salt absorption) \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0982\u09b6 \u0996\u09a8\u09bf\u099c \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u099b\u09c7; \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8- \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae \u09aa\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09aa\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6, \u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a5\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0995 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u0987 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0993 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4254 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/4.png\" alt=\"Absorption-of-mineral-salts\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/4.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/4-276x300.png 276w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/4-942x1024.png 942w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/4-768x835.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/4-1413x1536.png 1413w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/4-1884x2048.png 1884w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>\u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be (The carrier concept of ion) :<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(i) \u09b2\u09c1\u09a8\u09a1\u09c7\u0997\u09a1\u09bc \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Lundegardth theory 1955) :<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u0995\u09c7 Cytochrome pump \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u0993 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 cytochrome (Cyt.)\u0964 \u09b2\u09c1\u09a8\u09a1\u09c7\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0, \u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 cytochrome system \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09b2\u09c1\u09a8\u09a1\u09c7\u0997\u09a1\u09bc \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b2-\u098f \u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u099c \u098f\u09a8\u099c\u09be\u0987\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{H}^{+}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{e}^{-}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae \u099a\u09c7\u0987\u09a8 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u00a0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09c8\u09d7\u09b9 (reduced iron) \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 (oxidised) \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Fe}^{++}\\left(2 \\mathrm{~A}^{-1}\\right)-\\mathrm{e}^{-}+\\mathrm{A}^{-} \\rightarrow \\mathrm{Fe}^{+++}\\left(3 \\mathrm{~A}^{-1}\\right)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7 (inner space) \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09cc\u09b9 \u09a1\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u099c \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7 (outer space) \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09cc\u09b9 \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(A^{-1}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(A^{-1}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u099c\u09ae\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 (\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{M}^{+}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u0983\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(ii) \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb-\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09aa\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Proton-Anion co-transport theory):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be (electrochemical gradient) \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 ATP-ase \u098f\u09a8\u099c\u09be\u0987\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc ATP \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 pH gradient (\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 pH \u0995\u09ae) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 potential gradient (\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 +ve \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf, \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 +ve \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u0995\u09ae) \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 Electrochemical potential gradient \u09ac\u09be Proton motive force \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4255 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/6.png\" alt=\"Absorption-of-mineral-salts\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/6.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/6-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/6-1009x1024.png 1009w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/6-768x780.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/6-1513x1536.png 1513w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/6-2017x2048.png 2017w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 : \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb-\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09aa\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=1925&amp;preview=true\">\u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09be<\/a>\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 Proton motive force \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8\u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a2\u09c1\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u0986\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u0993 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8-\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb-\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09aa\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u099f\u09bf Peter Mitchel (1968) \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf-\u0985\u09b8\u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(iii) \u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a5\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be (Lacithin carrier concept) :<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bennet Clark (1956) \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a5\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09a1 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a5\u09bf\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0993 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09cc\u0997 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u098f \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 ATP \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>(\u09e8) \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 (Passive Salt absorption)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u0987 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 (Passive Salt absorption) \u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(i) \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Diffusion Theory):<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u0990 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 (Hope &amp; Stevens, 1952)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4256 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.1.png\" alt=\"Absorption-of-mineral-salts\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.1.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.1-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.1-1009x1024.png 1009w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.1-768x779.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.1-1514x1536.png 1514w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.1-2018x2048.png 2018w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 : \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u0964<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4257 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.2.png\" alt=\"Absorption-of-mineral-salts\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.2.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.2-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.2-1009x1024.png 1009w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.2-768x780.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.2-1513x1536.png 1513w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/7.2-2017x2048.png 2017w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 : \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(ii) \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (lon exchange theory) :<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{H}^{+}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{K}^{+}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{OH}^{-}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{Cl}^{-}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8) \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u099a\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0993 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a1\u09c7\u09ad\u09b2\u09bf\u09a8 (\u09e7\u09ef\u09ec\u09ef), \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7 \u0993 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09b9\u09be (\u09e7\u09ef\u09ed\u09e8) \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(iii) \u09a1\u09cb\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Donan equilibriam theory) :<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7, \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0 \u098f\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u099a\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09a1\u09cb\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 F. G. Donnan (1911-1914) \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(<\/b><b>iv) \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Mass flow theory):<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 (Hylmo (1955) \u0993 Kramen (1956) \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8 \u099f\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0996\u09a8\u09bf\u099c \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4258 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/8.png\" alt=\"Absorption-of-mineral-salts\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/8.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/8-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/8-1009x1024.png 1009w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/8-768x779.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/8-1514x1536.png 1514w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/8-2018x2048.png 2018w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 : \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u0993 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u0993 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u00a0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(i) \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 H. Von Mohl \u09e7\u09ee\u09eb\u09ec \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u0987 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u0993 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ii) \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 F. E. Loyd \u09e7\u09ef\u09e6\u09ee \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09cd\u099a-\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09cd\u099a (\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0) \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u0983\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09b6\u09bf\u09a5\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09cd\u099a (\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0) \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0983\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09b0 \u0996\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u0985\u09a5\u099a \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09b0 \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099a-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(iii) \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf (Sayre, 1926) \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7, \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0983\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09b0\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 pH \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09a8 \u099a\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2} \\\\<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c0\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 pH \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pH<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 pH \u0995\u09ae \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7 \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09ae\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u0983\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u0998\u099f\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u09a5\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc; \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c0\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4\u00a0 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2} \\\\<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 pH \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pH<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b0\u09b8\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 pH \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0983\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09b0 \u0996\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 + \u0985\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u099c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0986\u09b2\u09cb,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pH<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u21d4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf (\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cb\u099c \u09e7 \u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09c7\u099f)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099a-\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(iv) \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Proton transport theory): <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S. Imamura \u09e7\u09ef\u09ea\u09e9 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7 \u09aa\u099f\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7 \u09aa\u099f\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 <\/b><b>(Strategies to remember)<\/b><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09ae <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{CO}_{3}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09df <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}+\\mathrm{CO}_{2} \\rightarrow \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{CO}_{3}\\right)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>(\u0995\u09ae <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/b><b>, \u0995\u09ae <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{CO}_{3}<\/span><\/b><b>)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pH \u09ac\u09c7\u09dc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df (pH 5 \u09a8\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09ae pH \u098f \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09df \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09df \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3 \u09b2\u0998\u09c1 \u09b9\u09df (\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u0983\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df (\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09a5\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0996\u09a8\u09bf\u099c \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Mineral salt availability theory) (i) \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a1\u09be\u0987-\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u098f\u0995\u099a\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 (Carbon dioxide exchange theory): \u098f \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u099b \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09c7<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"redmore\" href=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/absorption-of-mineral-salts\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3025,4209,50],"tags":[2840,2844,2839,2843,2841,2842,2845],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4245"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4245"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6170,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4245\/revisions\/6170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}