{"id":4262,"date":"2022-03-24T14:49:50","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T14:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=4262"},"modified":"2022-06-06T17:46:52","modified_gmt":"2022-06-06T11:46:52","slug":"photosynthesis-plan-physiology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/photosynthesis-plan-physiology\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac Part-2 : \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 (Photosynthesis)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09c0? (Photosynthesis)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u099c\u09c0\u09ac \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 ATP \u098f\u09ac\u0982 NADPH <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+ <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{H}^{+}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0990 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 (ATP \u0993 NADPH <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+ <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{H}^{+}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f (\u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be) \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4 \u0993 \u0989\u09aa\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09a5\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8(Photosynthesis) \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a8\u09bf\u099a\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09a4\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6 \\mathrm{CO}_{2}+12 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O} \\underset{\\text { \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\n\n\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 }}{\\longrightarrow} \\mathrm{C}_{6} \\mathrm{H}_{12} \\mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \\mathrm{O}_{2}+6 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09e7 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 \u09b9\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09cb\u099c \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ec \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0993 \u09e7\u09e8 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09eb\u09e6-\u09ec\u09e6 \u09ab\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u0995\u09a3\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3-\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u09bf <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u0998\u099f\u09c7? (Where photosynthesis occurs)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 <a href=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=1925&amp;preview=true\">\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f<\/a> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c \u09b6\u09c8\u09ac\u09be\u09b2, \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09ab\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b8, \u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09a1\u09cb\u09ab\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b8, \u099c\u09bf\u09ae\u09a8\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09bf\u0993\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u09a8\u09c7\u0987, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09a5\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09bf\u0997\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09b6\u09c8\u09ac\u09be\u09b2 (\u09b2\u09cb\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09c8\u09ac\u09be\u09b2, \u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09ae\u09bf \u09b6\u09c8\u09ac\u09be\u09b2 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf) \u09aa\u09bf\u0997\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0 (chromatophore) \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4269 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11.png\" alt=\"Photosynthesis\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-1009x1024.png 1009w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-768x780.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-1513x1536.png 1513w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/11-2017x2048.png 2017w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0: \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>[COMMENT: below this figure the visualization of table]<\/b><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\"><b>\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5<\/b><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u2018a\u2019 (\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09bf\u0997\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u2018b\u2019<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09df\u09a1\u09b8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09a8 (\u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 (\u09b9\u09b2\u09c1\u09a6 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ab\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cb\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09a8\u09b8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ab\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cb\u09b8\u09be\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a8 (\u09a8\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ab\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cb\u0987\u09b0\u09bf\u09a5\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8 (\u09b2\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>\u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae (Photosystem)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PS-I (Photosystem-1) \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2-a \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ed\u09e6\u09e6 nm \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc P700\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PS-II (PhotosystemII) \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2-a \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ec\u09ee\u09e6 nm \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc P680\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae-I \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae-II \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af (Difference between Photosystem- I and Photosystem-II)<\/b><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Photosystem\u00a0I<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Photosystem-II<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u0964 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae-I \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae-II \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e8\u0964 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 a-700 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 a-680 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e9\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0985\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ea\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0995\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09eb\u0964 NADP<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NADP \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NADP \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ec\u0964 \u0998\u09be\u099f\u09a4\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PS-II \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ed\u0964 \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u098f\u09a8\u099c\u09be\u0987\u09ae \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u0993 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><b>\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09a8 (Photolysis of water): <\/b><\/h3>\n<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O} \\rightarrow 4 \\mathrm{H}^{+}+4 \\mathrm{e}^{-}+\\mathrm{O}_{2}<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae-II (PS II) \u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09a8 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{e}^{-}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{H}^{+}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left(\\mathrm{O}_{2}\\right)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{H}^{+}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0989\u09aa\u099c\u09be\u09a4 (by product) \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{H}^{+}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f (Proton gradient) \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4270 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14.png\" alt=\"Photosystem\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14-295x300.png 295w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14-1007x1024.png 1007w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14-768x781.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14-1511x1536.png 1511w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/14-2015x2048.png 2015w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0: PS-II (P 680) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><b>\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 (Techniques of photosynthesis process)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(\u0995) \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(\u0996) \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>(\u0995) \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc (Light dependent phase) :<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 ATP \u0993 NADPH + <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{H}^{+}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a1 \u09ae\u09c7\u09ae\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 ATP \u0993 NADPH <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{H}^{+}<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2 A D P+2 P i+2 N A D P+4 H_{2} 0<\/span>\u00a0 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\frac{\\text {\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb}}{\\text { \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2}}<\/span> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2 \\mathrm{ATP}+2 \\mathrm{NADPH}+\\mathrm{H}^{+}+2 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}+\\mathrm{O}_{2}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 ATP \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8(Photophosphorylation) \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 (Photophosphorylation):<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 ATP \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8(Photophosphorylation) \u0964 \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u0985\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc (non-cyclic) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc (cyclic) \u098f \u09a6\u09c1&#8217;\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0985\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 (Inorganic photophosphorylation)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4271 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15.png\" alt=\"Photophosphorylation\" width=\"2342\" height=\"2349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15.png 2342w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15-1021x1024.png 1021w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15-768x770.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15-1531x1536.png 1531w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/15-2042x2048.png 2042w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2342px) 100vw, 2342px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0: \u0985\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 (Cyclic photophosphorylation)<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4272 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16.png\" alt=\"Photophosphorylation\" width=\"2326\" height=\"2020\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16.png 2326w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16-300x261.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16-1024x889.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16-768x667.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16-1536x1334.png 1536w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/16-2048x1779.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2326px) 100vw, 2326px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0: \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0985\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af<\/b><b>\u00a0(Difference between <\/b><b>Inorganic and Cyclic photophosphorylation<\/b><b>)<\/b><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u0985\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>\u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09f0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09b8\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7. \u0989\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PS-II \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc PS-II \u09a4\u09c7 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PS-I \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc PS-I \u098f \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e8. \u09ab\u099f\u09cb\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PS-I \u0993 PS-II \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 PS-I \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e9. \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u0999\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09eb. NADP \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u0995 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 NADP \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 NADPH <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+<\/span> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{H}^{+}<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb NADP \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>(\u0996) \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc (Light independent phase) :<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 <a href=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=1913&amp;preview=true\">\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/a> \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0993 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc (\u09ac\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3) \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09b9\u09ae\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09a5 \u0986\u099b\u09c7; \u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb- (\u09e7) \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0, (\u09e8) \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 (\u09e9) CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 (The Calvin cycle)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4273 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17.png\" alt=\"photosynthesis\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17-275x300.png 275w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17-939x1024.png 939w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17-768x837.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17-1409x1536.png 1409w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/17-1878x2048.png 1878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 (Hatch and black cycle)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1, 2, \u2026 6 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u0995 !<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4274 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18.png\" alt=\"photosynthesis\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18-275x300.png 275w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18-939x1024.png 939w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18-768x838.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18-1408x1536.png 1408w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/18-1878x2048.png 1878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0: \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{C}_{\\mathbf{4}}<\/span> \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09a5 (C4 pathway)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4275 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/19.png\" alt=\"photosynthesis\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/19.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/19-276x300.png 276w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/19-942x1024.png 942w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/19-768x835.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/19-1413x1536.png 1413w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/19-1884x2048.png 1884w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ef.\u09e8\u09eb : <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{C}_{\\mathbf{3}}<\/span><\/b><b>\u00a0\u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09a5 NADP-malic enzyme \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0987\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1, \u09ad\u09c2\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09be, \u09b8\u09b0\u0997\u09be\u09ae \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{C}_{\\mathbf{3}}<\/span> \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u0993 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{C}_{\\mathbf{4}}<\/span><\/b><b> \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af (Difference between <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{C}_{\\mathbf{3}}<\/span>and <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{C}_{\\mathbf{4}}<\/span> plants)\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{C}_{\\mathbf{3}}<\/span><\/b> <b>\u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{C}_{\\mathbf{4}}<\/span><\/b><b> \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09aa\u0996\u09be\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09aa\u0996\u09be\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e8\u0964 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09ae\u09bf<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09b8\u09c0\u09a5\u0995\u09c7 \u0998\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b8\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09b8\u09c0\u09a5\u0995\u09c7 \u0998\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b8\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 (\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09ae\u09bf)\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e9\u0964 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u0997\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b0\u0995\u09ae\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u0997\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09b0\u0995\u09ae<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(i) \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b8\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ii) \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09b8\u09c0\u09a5 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ea\u0964 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1\u09ae\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09ae\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09eb\u09e6 ppm (parts per million) \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 (\u09eb\u09e6-\u09e7\u09eb\u09e6 ppm)\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1\u09ae\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0995\u09ae\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09e6.\u09e7\u09e6 ppm \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 (0.10-10 ppm)\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09eb\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ae\u09c7\u09b8\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ae\u09c7\u09b8\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09b8\u09c0\u09a5 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0993 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ec\u0964 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b6\u09c0\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u0989\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3\u09ae\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ed\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ee\u0964 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 1% \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ef\u0964 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a7\u09be\u09a8, \u0997\u09ae, \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf, \u0986\u09ae, \u099c\u09be\u09ae, \u0995\u09be\u0981\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ee\u09eb% \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0997\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0998\u09be\u09b8, \u0987\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1, \u09ad\u09c1\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09be, \u09ae\u09c1\u09a5\u09be \u0998\u09be\u09b8 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u0964<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><b>CAM \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be (CAM process)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1 \u09ae\u09c7\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09bf\u099c\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u09c7 CAM \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 Crassulaceae \u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 (\u09aa\u09be\u09a5\u09b0\u0995\u09c1\u099a\u09bf \u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0) \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7 \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 CAM \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u0989\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3 \u0986\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u0981\u099a\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 pH \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 pH \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb <b><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{C}_{\\mathbf{4}}<\/span><\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb\u0987\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><\/b><b>-\u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09ac\u09c1\u099c \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6 \\mathrm{CO}_{2}+12 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span>\u00a0 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\frac{\\text {\u0986\u09b2\u09cb}}{\\text { \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 }}<\/span>\u00a0 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{C}_{6} \\mathrm{H}_{12} \\mathrm{O}_{6}+60_{2}+6 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 \u0997\u09cd\u09b2\u09c1\u0995\u09cb\u099c \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ec \u0985\u09a3\u09c1 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0993 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac, \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0964 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u0983\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7, \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(i) \u09b9\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be (Hill reaction):<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7\u09ef\u09e9\u09ed \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6 \u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b2 (Robin Hill) \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u0995\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0985\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b9\u0995 (hydrogen acceptor) \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0985\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b9\u0995\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 (reduced) \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u0964 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7, \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa :<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2 \\mathrm{~A} \\text { (\u0985\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u0995) }+2 \\mathrm{H}_{2} \\mathrm{O}<\/span>\u00a0 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\frac{\\text {\u0986\u09b2\u09cb}}{\\text { \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 }}<\/span>]\u00a0 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2 \\mathrm{AH}_{2}+\\mathrm{O}_{2} \\uparrow<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 (Limiting factor)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 (\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0) \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09e7\u09ef\u09e6\u09eb \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 (Blackman, 1905) '\u09b2 \u0985\u09ac \u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09ae\u2019 (law of minimum) \u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 '\u09b2 \u0985\u09ac \u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0' (Law of limiting factor) \u09ac\u09be '\u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0' \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09a4\u09be (rapidity) \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u0995 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09ae \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4276 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.1.png\" alt=\"photosynthesis\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2021\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.1.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.1-300x262.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.1-1024x894.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.1-768x670.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.1-1536x1341.png 1536w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.1-2048x1788.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4277 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.2.png\" alt=\"photosynthesis\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.2.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.2-300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.2-1024x966.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.2-768x725.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.2-1536x1449.png 1536w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.2-2048x1932.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4278 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.3.png\" alt=\"photosynthesis\" width=\"2315\" height=\"2183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.3.png 2315w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.3-300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.3-1024x966.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.3-768x724.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.3-1536x1448.png 1536w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24.3-2048x1931.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2315px) 100vw, 2315px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 (The rate of photosynthesis)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathbf{0}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09ac\u0982 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{CO}_{2}<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 (The rate of photosynthesis) \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 P.Q \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09c0? (Photosynthesis) \u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u099c\u09c0\u09ac \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 ATP \u098f\u09ac\u0982 NADPH + \u00a0\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0990 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 (ATP \u0993 NADPH + ) \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f (\u09b6\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be) \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4 \u0993<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"redmore\" href=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/photosynthesis-plan-physiology\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3025,4209,50],"tags":[2881,2882,2878,2880,2875,2877,2879,2883,2876],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4262"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4262"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7626,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4262\/revisions\/7626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}