{"id":5581,"date":"2022-08-30T12:00:02","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T06:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/?p=5581"},"modified":"2022-08-30T13:38:35","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T07:38:35","slug":"development-of-physics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/development-of-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 (Development of Physics)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u09ad\u09cc\u09a4 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(Physical Quantities and Measurements)<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><strong> (Physics)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f \u09a6\u09c1\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0983\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09a4\u09ae \u0993 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u09bf\u0996\u09ac: <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0\u00a0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09b0\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u09ad\u09cc\u09a4 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7<\/li>\r\n<li>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09b0 (Scope of Physics)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8 \u099f\u09c1\u09a5\u09aa\u09c7\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09ac\u09b2\u09c0\u09b2\u09be \u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u0964 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 Astrophysics (\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be), Chemical Physics (\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8), Bio Physics (\u099c\u09c8\u09ac \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8), Geophysics (\u09ad\u09c2\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be) \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>\u09aa\u09a0\u09a8 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09af\u09a5\u09be:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 (Classical Physics): <\/strong>\u09ac\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 (Mechanics), \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 (Lexicology), \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u0993 \u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 (Electromagnetism) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u0964<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 (Modern Physics): <\/strong>\u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09ac\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u0986\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8, \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8,\u00a0 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b2 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 <\/strong><strong>(Development of Physics)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09af\u09a5\u09be:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u09a8\u09be<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac (\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995, \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7, \u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Early episodes (contributions of Greek, Indian, Chinese and Muslim civilizations)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be, \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be, \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09cb\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"height: 1520px;\" width=\"1117\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"155\">\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u099b\u09ac\u09bf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"123\">\r\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"65\">\r\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \/ \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a8\/\u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"155\">\r\n<div id=\"attachment_15303\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15303\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15303\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8-Thales-300x248.png\" alt=\"\u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8 (Thales)\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8-Thales-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8-Thales-1024x846.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8-Thales-768x634.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8-Thales.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15303\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8 (Thales)<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"123\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09a5\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Thales \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf:\u09aa\u09c2: \u09ec\u09e8\u09ea-\u09eb\u09ec\u09ef )<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"65\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8<\/li>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"155\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15304 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pythagoras-300x248.png\" alt=\"\u09aa\u09bf\u09a5\u09be\u0997\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 Pythagorus\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pythagoras-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pythagoras-1024x846.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pythagoras-768x634.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pythagoras.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"123\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09aa\u09bf\u09a5\u09be\u0997\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Pythagorus \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf:\u09aa\u09c2: \u09eb\u09e8\u09ed-\u09ee\u09ef\u09ed)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"65\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8 \u0993 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0986\u0997\u09c1\u09a8, \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf, \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 \u098f\u0987 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b2 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"155\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15305 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Democritus-300x248.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Democritus-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Democritus-1024x846.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Democritus-768x634.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Democritus.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"123\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09a1\u09c7\u09ae\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Democritus \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf:\u09aa\u09c2: \u09ea\u09ec\u09e6-\u09e9\u09ed\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"65\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table style=\"height: 791px;\" width=\"1188\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"155\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15306 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristotle-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u099f\u09b2 Aristotle\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristotle-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristotle-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristotle-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristotle.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"123\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u099f\u09b2<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Aristotle \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf:\u09aa\u09c2: \u09e9\u09e7\u09e6-\u09e8\u09e6\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"65\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u09b8\u09ac\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8 \u0993 \u0986\u0997\u09c1\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af, \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9, \u0993 \u09a8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0 \u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0998\u09c1\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09cb\u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"155\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-15307\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristarcus-300x250.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristarcus-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristarcus-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristarcus-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Aristarcus.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"123\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Aristrachus \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf:\u09aa\u09c2: \u09e9\u09e7\u09e6-\u09e8\u09e9\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"65\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cc\u09b0\u099c\u0997\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0989\u0995\u09be\u09b8\u0995 (\u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf:\u09aa\u09c2: \u09e9\u09eb\u09ee-\u09e8\u09ee\u09e7) \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf-\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"155\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15308 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archimedes-300x250.png\" alt=\"Archimedes\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archimedes-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archimedes-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archimedes-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archimedes.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"123\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Archimedes \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf:\u09aa\u09c2: \u09e8\u09ee\u09ed-\u09e8\u09e7\u09e8 )<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"65\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u09b2\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u09a4\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u098a\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u099c\u09be\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09aa\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf \u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09c1\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"155\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-15309\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eratosthenis-300x250.png\" alt=\"eratosthenes\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eratosthenis-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eratosthenis-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eratosthenis-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/eratosthenis.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"123\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8 (Enatosthenes \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf:\u09aa\u09c2: \u09e8\u09ed\u09ec-\u09e7\u09ef\u09ee)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"65\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>\u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09a8 (\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0) \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u098f \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb:<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"height: 1326px;\" width=\"1186\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"146\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u099b\u09ac\u09bf<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"116\">\r\n<p><strong>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"74\">\r\n<p><strong>\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \/ \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a8 \/ \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"146\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-15310\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jabir-Ibn-Hayyan-300x250.png\" alt=\"Jabir Ibn Hayyan\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jabir-Ibn-Hayyan-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jabir-Ibn-Hayyan-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jabir-Ibn-Hayyan-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jabir-Ibn-Hayyan.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"116\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u099c\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0 \u0987\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8 (Jabir ibn Hayyan \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6: \u09ed\u09e8\u09e7-\u09ee\u09e7\u09e9)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"74\">\r\n<p>\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0986\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u2019\u09b0 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u2018\u0986\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u2019 \u098f\u0995\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u0993 \u0986\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u09bf \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u0993 \u0995\u09c1\u09b6\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964\u00a0 \u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0986\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"146\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15311 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Sina-300x250.png\" alt=\"Ibn Sina\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Sina-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Sina-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Sina-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Sina.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"116\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09be<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6: \u09ef\u09ee\u09e6-\u09e7\u09e6\u09e9\u09ed)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"74\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u0986\u09b2\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf \u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 (Galen \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae-\u09e7\u09e8\u09ef) \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"146\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15312 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Abu-Abdullah-Ibn-Al-Khwazriz-300x250.png\" alt=\"Abu Abdullah Ibn Al-Khwazriz\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Abu-Abdullah-Ibn-Al-Khwazriz-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Abu-Abdullah-Ibn-Al-Khwazriz-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Abu-Abdullah-Ibn-Al-Khwazriz-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Abu-Abdullah-Ibn-Al-Khwazriz.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"116\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0986\u09ac\u09c1 \u0986\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b9 \u0987\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2 \u0996\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u099c\u09ae\u09bf<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Abu Abdullah Ibn Al-Khwazriz \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6: \u09ed\u09ee\u09e9-\u09ee\u09eb\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"74\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u09ac\u09c0\u099c\u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09a3\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c0\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0986\u09b2 \u099c\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b2 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u099c\u09c7\u09ac\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"146\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15313 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Al-Haitham-300x250.png\" alt=\"Ibn-Al-Haitham\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Al-Haitham-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Al-Haitham-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Al-Haitham-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Al-Haitham.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"116\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Ibn-Al-Haitham \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6: \u09ef\u09ec\u09eb-\u09e7\u09e6\u09e9\u09ef)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"74\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09aa\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09b0 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"146\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15314 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Yunus-300x250.png\" alt=\"Ibn Yunus\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Yunus-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Yunus-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Yunus-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Ibn-Yunus.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"116\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u0987\u0989\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">( \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6: \u09ef\u09eb\u09e6-\u09e7\u09e6\u09e6\u09ef)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"74\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09b0<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 200 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u099c\u09ae\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 &#8216;\u09b9\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09be\u0987\u099f \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u099f\u09c7\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2&#8217; \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>995 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 House of Science \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"146\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15315 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Al-Masudi-300x250.png\" alt=\"Al-Masudi\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Al-Masudi-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Al-Masudi-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Al-Masudi-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Al-Masudi.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"116\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0986\u09b2 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c1\u09a6\u09c0<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Al-Masudi \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6: \u09ee\u09ef\u09ec-\u09ef\u09eb\u09ec)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"74\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u0995<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u09a8\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09cb\u09aa\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>\u09a4\u09be\u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09ac\u09bf \u0993\u09ae\u09b0 \u0996\u09c8\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae (Omar Khaiyam, \u09e7\u09e6\u09e7\u09ef-\u09e7\u09e7\u09e9\u09eb), \u0986\u09b2-\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 (Al Battani, \u09ee\u09eb\u09ee-\u09ef\u09e8\u09ef), \u0986\u09b2-\u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09c0 (Al Fargzi, \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1-\u09ed\u09ed) \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6, \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6 \u0993 \u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>\u09a4\u09cb\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09a8\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09be\u0995 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0\u09be\u0993\u0964 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb:<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"height: 822px;\" width=\"1194\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"148\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u099b\u09ac\u09bf<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"128\">\r\n<p><strong>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"60\">\r\n<p><strong>\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \/ \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a8 \/ \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"148\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15316 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Shen-Kuo-300x250.png\" alt=\"Shen Kuo\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Shen-Kuo-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Shen-Kuo-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Shen-Kuo-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Shen-Kuo.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"128\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8 \u0995\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09cb<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Shen Kuo, \u09e7\u09e6\u09e9\u09e7-\u09e7\u09e6\u09ef\u09eb)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u099a\u09c0\u09a8<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u099a\u09c1\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"148\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15444 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Arya-Vatya-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09ad\u099f\u09cd\u099f  (Arya Bhatt, \u09ea\u09ed\u09ec-\u09eb\u09eb\u09e6)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Arya-Vatya-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Arya-Vatya-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Arya-Vatya-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Arya-Vatya.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"128\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09ad\u099f\u09cd\u099f<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Arya Bhatt, \u09ea\u09ed\u09ec-\u09eb\u09eb\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0997\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09ab\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0998\u09be\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"148\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15445 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Barah-Mihir-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b9\u09bf\u09b0  (Varahainihira,\u09eb\u09e6\u09eb-\u09eb\u09ee\u09ed)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Barah-Mihir-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Barah-Mihir-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Barah-Mihir-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Barah-Mihir.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"128\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b9\u09bf\u09b0<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Varahainihira,\u09eb\u09e6\u09eb-\u09eb\u09ee\u09ed)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09af\u09cb\u0997, \u09ac\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997, \u0997\u09c1\u09a8, \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0993 \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"148\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15446 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u200d\u09cd\u09af-Bhaskaracharya-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af  (Bhaskaracharya, \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u09ed\u09ee\u09e9-\u09ee\u09eb\u09e6)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u200d\u09cd\u09af-Bhaskaracharya-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u200d\u09cd\u09af-Bhaskaracharya-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u200d\u09cd\u09af-Bhaskaracharya-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u200d\u09cd\u09af-Bhaskaracharya.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"128\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Bhaskaracharya, \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6: \u09ed\u09ee\u09e9-\u09ee\u09eb\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"288\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u098f\u0987 \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6 \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09b9\u09a8 \u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb 7182 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 926 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u09aa\u09be\u0987 (\u03c0) \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09df \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>\u09a4\u09be\u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09cd\u09ae\u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a5\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09ad\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b8 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09a8\u09be\u09b8 (Albertas Magnus, 193-1280) \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09a8 (Roger Bacon, 1220-1292) \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u09aa\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0 \u09b2\u09bf\u0993\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb \u09a6\u09be \u09ad\u09bf\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09bf (Leonardo Da Vinci, 1452-1219) \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2, \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09b0 \u0993\u09dc\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0989\u09a1\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u099c \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15447 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Albertas-Magnus-300x250.png\" alt=\"Abvertus Magnus\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Albertas-Magnus-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Albertas-Magnus-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Albertas-Magnus-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Albertas-Magnus.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac (The rise of science)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b8\u09be\u0981 \u09af\u09c1\u0997 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09b7\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09b6 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7 \u099b\u0995 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb:<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"height: 1671px;\" width=\"1184\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u099b\u09ac\u09bf<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"117\">\r\n<p><strong>\u09a8\u09be\u09ae<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" width=\"60\">\r\n<p><strong>\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \/ \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \/ \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15448 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a1\u09be-\u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09a1\u09be: \u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f  (Gilbert, \u09e7\u09eb\u09ea\u09e6-\u09e7\u09ec\u09e6\u09e9)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a1\u09be-\u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a1\u09be-\u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a1\u09be-\u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a1\u09be-\u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09a1\u09be: \u0997\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Gilbert, \u09e7\u09eb\u09ea\u09e6-\u09e7\u09ec\u09e6\u09e9)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u0993 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15449 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2  (Snell, \u09e7\u09eb\u09ef\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ec\u09e8\u09ec)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Snell, \u09e7\u09eb\u09ef\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ec\u09e8\u09ec)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15450 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u0997\u09c7\u09a8-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u0997\u09c7\u09a8  (Huygen, \u09e7\u09ec\u09e8\u09ec-\u09e7\u09ec\u09ef\u09eb)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u0997\u09c7\u09a8-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u0997\u09c7\u09a8-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u0997\u09c7\u09a8-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u0997\u09c7\u09a8.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u0997\u09c7\u09a8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Huygen, \u09e7\u09ec\u09e8\u09ec-\u09e7\u09ec\u09ef\u09eb)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u09aa\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8, \u0998\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0998\u099f\u09be\u09a8, \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15451 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Robert-Hooke-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09c1\u0995  (Robert Hooke, \u09e7\u09ec\u09e9\u09eb-\u09e7\u09ed\u09e6\u09e9)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Robert-Hooke-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Robert-Hooke-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Robert-Hooke-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Robert-Hooke.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09c1\u0995<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Robert Hooke, \u09e7\u09ec\u09e9\u09eb-\u09e7\u09ed\u09e6\u09e9)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2 (Distorting Force) \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15452 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2  (Robert Boyle, \u09e7\u09ec\u09e8\u09ed-\u09e7\u09ec\u09ef\u09e7)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f-\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Robert Boyle, \u09e7\u09ec\u09e8\u09ed-\u09e7\u09ec\u09ef\u09e7)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be-\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15453 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09a8-\u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09ad\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995  (Von Gueriche)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09a8-\u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09a8-\u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09a8-\u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09a8-\u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ad\u09a8 \u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Von Gueriche)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15454 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b0-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b0  (Romer, \u09e7\u09ec\u09ea\u09ea-\u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09e6)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b0-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b0-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b0-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b0.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b0<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Romer, \u09e7\u09ec\u09ea\u09ea-\u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09c3\u09b9\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09aa\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15455 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b8-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u0995\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b8  (Nicolaus Copernicus, \u09e7\u09ea\u09ed\u09e9-\u09e7\u09eb\u09ea\u09e9)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b8-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b8-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b8-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b8.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0995\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Nicolaus Copernicus, \u09e7\u09ea\u09ed\u09e9-\u09e7\u09eb\u09ea\u09e9)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cc\u09b0\u099c\u0997\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15456 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c7\u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b0-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u0995\u09c7\u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b0  (Johannes Kepler, \u09e7\u09eb\u09ed\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ec\u09e9\u09e6)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c7\u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b0-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c7\u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b0-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c7\u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b0-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c7\u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b0.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0995\u09c7\u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b0<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Johannes Kepler, \u09e7\u09eb\u09ed\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ec\u09e9\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0989\u09aa\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cb \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b2\u09ac\u09cd\u09a7 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09a5 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0995\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15457 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0993-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0993  (Galileo Galilei, \u09e7\u09eb\u09ec\u09ea-\u09e7\u09ec\u09ea\u09e8)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0993-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0993-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0993-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0993.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0993<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Galileo Galilei, \u09e7\u09eb\u09ec\u09ea-\u09e7\u09ec\u09ea\u09e8)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u0995\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15458 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8  (Isaac Newton, \u09e7\u09ec\u09ea\u09e9-\u09e7\u09ed\u09e8\u09ed)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Isaac Newton, \u09e7\u09ec\u09ea\u09e9-\u09e7\u09ed\u09e8\u09ed)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0993 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table style=\"height: 1378px;\" width=\"1184\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15459 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Count-Ramford-300x221.png\" alt=\"\u0995\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1  (Sir Benjamin Thomson Count Ramford, \u09e7\u09ed\u09eb\u09e9-\u09e7\u09ee\u09e7\u09ea)\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Count-Ramford-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Count-Ramford-1024x754.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Count-Ramford-768x566.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Count-Ramford.png 1036w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0995\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Sir Benjamin Thomson Count Ramford, \u09e7\u09ed\u09eb\u09e9-\u09e7\u09ee\u09e7\u09ea)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>1798 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u098f\u0995 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15460 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1-\u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8-300x250.png\" alt=\"\u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8  (1st Baron kelvin, \u09e7\u09ee\u09e8\u09ea-\u09e7\u09ef\u09e6\u09ed)\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1-\u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1-\u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8-1024x854.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1-\u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1-\u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09b2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(1<sup>st<\/sup> Baron kelvin, \u09e7\u09ee\u09e8\u09ea-\u09e7\u09ef\u09e6\u09ed)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 (Thrmo Dynamics) \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1&#8217;\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u00a0 1850 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15461 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac-230x300.png\" alt=\"\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac  (Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e9\u09ec-\u09e7\u09ee\u09e6\u09ec)\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac-230x300.png 230w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac-785x1024.png 785w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac-768x1002.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e9\u09ec-\u09e7\u09ee\u09e6\u09ec)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a01778 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15462 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be-300x267.png\" alt=\"\u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be  (Alessandro Volta, \u09e7\u09ed\u09ea\u09eb-\u09e7\u09ee\u09e8\u09ed)\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be-300x267.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be-1024x911.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be-768x684.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be.png 1055w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ad\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09be<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Alessandro Volta, \u09e7\u09ed\u09ea\u09eb-\u09e7\u09ee\u09e8\u09ed)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a01800 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15463 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0985\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a1-218x300.png\" alt=\"\u0985\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a1  (Hans Christian Oersted, \u09e7\u09ed\u09ed\u09ed-\u09e7\u09ee\u09eb\u09e7\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0985\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a1-218x300.png 218w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0985\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a1-744x1024.png 744w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0985\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a1-768x1057.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u0985\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a1.png 1053w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0985\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a1<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Hans Christian Oersted, \u09e7\u09ed\u09ed\u09ed-\u09e7\u09ee\u09eb\u09e7<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a01820 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u00a0 \u099a\u09c1\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15464 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a1\u09c7-300x177.png\" alt=\"Michael Farady, \u09e7\u09ed\u09ef\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ee\u09ec\u09ed\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a1\u09c7-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a1\u09c7-1024x603.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a1\u09c7-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a1\u09c7.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a1\u09c7 \u0993 \u09b9\u09c7\u09a8\u09b0\u09bf<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Michael Farady, \u09e7\u09ed\u09ef\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ee\u09ec\u09ed) (Henry Cavendish, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e9\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ee\u09e7\u09e6)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"60\">\r\n<p>\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u00a01831 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u099a\u09c1\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\">\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15465 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09c7\u09a8\u09b0\u09bf-257x300.png\" alt=\"(Henry Cavendish, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e9\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ee\u09e7\u09e6)\" width=\"257\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09c7\u09a8\u09b0\u09bf-257x300.png 257w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09c7\u09a8\u09b0\u09bf-877x1024.png 877w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09c7\u09a8\u09b0\u09bf-768x897.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09b9\u09c7\u09a8\u09b0\u09bf.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td width=\"129\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15466 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2-300x288.png\" alt=\"\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2  (James Clerk Maxwell, \u09e7\u09ee\u09e6\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ee\u09ed\u09ef)\" width=\"300\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2-300x288.png 300w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2-1024x983.png 1024w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2-768x737.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2.png 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td width=\"117\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(James Clerk Maxwell, \u09e7\u09ee\u09e6\u09e7-\u09e7\u09ee\u09ed\u09ef)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"60\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td width=\"318\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u0993 \u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7, \u0986\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u09b8\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce\u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09aa\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 1801 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0987\u09df\u09ce \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u09a8\u09be <\/strong><strong>(Introduction to Modern Physics) <\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>\u0989\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 1900 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>\u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09a5 \u09ac\u09b8\u09c1 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u098f\u0995 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09a3\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09ac\u09cb\u09b8\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 1900 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 1930 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>1887 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09c7\u09b2\u09b8\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b0\u09b2\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ac \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>1931 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a1\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0998\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>1895 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 X-Ray \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>1896 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09c7\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>1899 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0993 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf \u09b0\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15467 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jagadishchandra-Bose-282x300.png\" alt=\"\u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b8\u09c1 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b8 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09a5 \u09ac\u09b8\u09c1 \" width=\"282\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jagadishchandra-Bose-282x300.png 282w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jagadishchandra-Bose-963x1024.png 963w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jagadishchandra-Bose-768x817.png 768w, https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jagadishchandra-Bose.png 1053w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 (Recent Physics) :<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u09c7\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u0995\u09a3\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df, \u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 Standard Model \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09a3\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u0995\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09ad\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u0997\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09a3\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be 2013 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1924 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u09ac\u09b2 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ac\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09c7, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09af\u09be 14 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u201c\u09ac\u09bf\u0997 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u201d \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af <\/strong><strong>(Objectives of Physics) :<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09b9\u09b8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09a6\u0998\u09be\u099f\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af, \u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b0\u09b9\u09b8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09a6\u0998\u09be\u099f\u09a8<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u09b0\u09b9\u09b8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09a6\u0998\u09be\u099f\u09a8 (Discovering the mystery of progress) :<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09cb \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995 \u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09c1\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac, \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7<\/span> \u0986\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b6\u09ae \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0998\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u099a\u09c1\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2 (Electromagnetism), \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2 (Electro weak force), \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u09b0\u09b9\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09cb\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae \u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be (Knowing the laws of nature) :<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u09bf \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7 \u0998\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be-\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u099f\u09be\u0987 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 (Developing technology using the laws of nature) :<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>1938 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u099f\u09cb\u09b9\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0999\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09a4\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1 \u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 &#8216;\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cb\u09ae\u09be&#8217; \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09ae\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 &#8216;\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u2018 (Nuclear Power) \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a1\u09be\u09df\u09cb\u09a1 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis: 100%;\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u09ad\u09cc\u09a4 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u00a0 (Physical Quantities and Measurements) \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 (Physics) \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f \u09a6\u09c1\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0983\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09a4\u09ae \u0993 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09be\u0996\u09be \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"redmore\" 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More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[50,5593,51,3027],"tags":[3226,2916,3229,3232,3225,3253],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5581"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5581"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15468,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5581\/revisions\/15468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}