{"id":823,"date":"2022-03-24T13:50:20","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T07:50:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage-wp.10minuteschool.com\/?p=823"},"modified":"2022-03-27T12:52:16","modified_gmt":"2022-03-27T06:52:16","slug":"bohr-atomic-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/bohr-atomic-model\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09ac\u09c7\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 (Bohr’s Atomic Model)"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n\r\n

1913 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09b2\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 (Bohr Atomic Model) \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 (Bohr’s Model) \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 :<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09e7\u0964 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6:<\/strong> \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09a4\u0995\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09aa\u09a5\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a6\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u099f \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be \u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u0990 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5 \u0964 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u0995\u09c7 \u09e7\u09ae, \u09e8\u09af\u09bc, \u09e9\u09af\u09bc \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u0995 \u098f \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 (n = 1, 2, 3, ….)<\/span>\u0964 <\/span>\u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a4\u09a4 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 e^{-}<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c0\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09e8\u0964 \u0995\u09cc\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6:<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09b0\u09a4 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be \\frac{h}{2\\pi}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u0996\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u0995\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0995\u09cc\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0997, mvr=\\frac{nh}{2\\pi}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7, m<\/span> = \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

v<\/span> = \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c8\u0996\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u0997,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

r<\/span> = \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

h<\/span> = \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac\u0995 <\/span>=<\/span> 6.626 \\times 10^{-27} erg sec<\/span><\/span> \u09ac\u09be\u00a0 6.626\\times 10^{-34} Js<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u098f\u09ac\u0982 n = 1, 2, 3, …\u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09e9\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 :<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u098f\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf E_1<\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf E_2<\/span><\/span> \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 (\\Delta E<\/span><\/span>) \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc-<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\nE_2-E_1=\\Delta E=h\\nu<\/span>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7, \\Delta E<\/span><\/span>\u00a0=<\/span> \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

h<\/span> = <\/span>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac\u0995\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\\nu<\/span> = <\/span>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a4 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u099a\u09c1\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ce \u099a\u09c1\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\\Delta E=h\\nu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09be, \\delta E=h.\\frac{c}{\\lambda}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09be, \\lambda = \\frac{hc}{\\Delta E}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u098f \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 (Bohr Atomic Model) \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09e7\u0964 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2(Bohr Atomic Model) \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u0993 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6 \u098f\u0995 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f (He^{+}, Li^{2+}, Be^{3+}<\/span>) \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09e8\u0964 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 (Bohr Atomic Model)<\/strong> \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u09e9\u0964 \u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 (\u099c\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac, Zeeman Effect) \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 (\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac, Stark Effect) \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \r\n
  1. \u099c\u09c0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2 :<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09cc\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/li>\r\n
  2. \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2 :<\/strong> \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0998\u099f\u09c7\u0964<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ea\u0964 \u098f\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09a1 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09eb\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ec\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ad\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09c1\u09b9\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ad\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ed\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0995\u09cc\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \\frac{nh}{2\\pi}<\/span> <\/span>\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 (Bohr Atomic Model)<\/span> \u09b8\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09cd\u09af:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09e7\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac :<\/strong>\u00a0 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u098f\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2-\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u00a0 \u0995\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be<\/span>\u0964 <\/span>\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09e8\u0964 H-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf :<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 (Bohr Atomic Model)<\/strong> \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8<\/span> \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 (\u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8- H \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1, He^{+}<\/span> \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8, Li^{2+}<\/span>\u00a0\u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf) \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09e9\u0964 H-\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 :<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 (n = 1) \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 0.529\\times 10^{-10} m = 0.529 {\\AA}<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ea\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be :<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09eb\u0964 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be:<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u0993 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c0\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ec\u0964 \u09b0\u09bf\u09a1\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0997 \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac\u0995 \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 :<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09bf\u09a1\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0997 \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c0\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b2\u09ac\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ed\u0964 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf :<\/strong> \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c0\u09a4 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7, \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09df <\/strong>(Determining the Radius, Energy and Velocity of Electrons in Orbit)<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 (Bohr Atomic Model)<\/span> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb (He^{+}, Li^{2+}, Be^{3+}<\/span> \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf) \u0986\u09df\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 n \u09a4\u09ae\u00a0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 (r) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0990 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0998\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf (E) \u0993 \u09ac\u09c7\u0997 (v) \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n

     <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 (r) \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc:<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    \r\n
    \r\n
    \u00a0<\/figcaption>\r\n
    \"Bohr

    \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u0993 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7<\/span> \u0995\u09b0\u09bf, \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 (He^{+}, Li^{2+}, Be^{3+}<\/span>) \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 = Ze<\/span>; \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 Z = \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 e = \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09a7\u09b0\u09bf, r \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8, \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0998\u09c1\u09b0\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09b0 m, \u09ac\u09c7\u0997 v \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 = + Ze<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2, F=\\frac{Ze\\times e}{r^2}=\\frac{(Ze)^2}{r^2}<\/span> (CGS \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09c7)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    (SI \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09c7 F=\\frac{1}{4 \\pi \\epsilon_0} . \\frac{Ze^2}{r^2}, \\epsilon_0=\u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u00a0 \u00a0\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u00a0 \u00a0\u09a4\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09ce\u00a0 \u00a0\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0, \u098f\u0987 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b2 F = \\frac{mv^2}{r}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09af\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0998\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b2 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u00a0\\therefore F=\\frac{Ze^2}{r^2}=\\frac{mv^2}{r}<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\r\n

    \u09ac\u09be,\u00a0 v^2=\\frac{Ze^2}{mr}<\/span> \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.(1)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0, \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 (Bohr Atomic Model)<\/strong> \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    mvr=\\frac{nh}{2\\pi}<\/span> [\u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 n = 1, 2, 3………. \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 h = \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac\u0995 \u0964 ]<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u00a0\u09ac\u09be, v=\\frac{nh}{2\\pi r m}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

    \u00a0\u09ac\u09be, v^2=\\frac{n^2h^2}{4\\pi^2m^2r^2}<\/span>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.(2)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    (1) \u09a8\u0982 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0993 (2) \u09a8\u0982 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \\frac{Ze^2}{mr}=\\frac{n^2h^2}{4\\pi^2m^2r^2}<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    \u09ac\u09be,\u00a0v^2=\\frac{n^2h^2}{4\\pi^2mZe^2}<\/span>\u2026.(3) (SI \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09c7 r=\\frac{n^2h^2\\epsilon_0}{\\pi n Ze^2}, \\epsilon_0=8.85\\times 10^{-12}<\/span><\/span>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u098f\u099f\u09be\u0987 n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af Z= 1, He^{+}<\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af Z= 2, Li^{2+}<\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af Z = 3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 Be^{3+}<\/span> \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af Z= 4 \u0964<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0993 n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u0993 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 (r_n)=\\frac{n^2h^2}{4\\pi^2mZe^2}<\/span> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 (r_1)=\\frac{1^2h^2}{4\\pi^2mZe^2}=\\frac{h^2}{4\\pi^2mZe^2}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \\frac{r_n}{r_1}=\\frac{n^2h^2}{4\\pi^2mZe^2}\\times\\frac{4\\pi^2mZe^2}{h^2}=n^2<\/span> \u09ac\u09be,\u00a0 r_n=r_1\\times n^2<\/span> \u09ac\u09be, r_n\\propto n^2<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>[\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af r_1 \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ac\u0995]<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8: \u09e9\u09df \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7, r_3=r_1\\times 9<\/span> \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09e9\u09df \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7 \u09e7\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09df \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    n<\/span> \u09a4\u09ae \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09df :<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    n<\/span> \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf, <\/span><\/p>\r\n

    E_n = <\/span> \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf +<\/span> \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf <\/span><\/p>\r\n

    =\\frac{1}{2} m v^{2}+\\left(-\\frac{Z e^{2}}{r}\\right) \\quad\\left[\\because \\text { \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf }=-\\frac{Z e^{2}}{r}\\right]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n=\\frac{1}{2}m\\times \\frac{Ze^2}{mr}-\\frac{Ze^2}{r}\\Big[v^2=\\frac{Ze^2}{mr}\\Big]<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\\\\=\\frac{1}{2}\\times \\frac{Ze^2}{r}-\\frac{Ze^2}{r}\\\\=-\\frac{Ze^2}{2r}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    =-\\frac{Ze^2}{2}\\times \\frac{2\\pi^2mZe^2}{n^2h^2}<\/span>, [r \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987]<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u2234\u00a0\u00a0 E_n=-\\frac{2\\pi^2 mZ^2e^4}{n^2h^2}<\/span>\u2026\u2026\u2026..(1)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u098f\u099f\u09be\u0987 n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ac\u09be, E_n=E_1.\\frac{1}{n^2}, \u09ac\u09be, E_n\\propto \\frac{1}{n^2}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    n=1 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, E_1=\\frac{2\\pi^2mZ^2e^4}{h^2}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    SI \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09c7, E_n=\\frac{mZ^2e^4}{8\\epsilon_0^2n^2h^2}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u00a01 \u09a8\u0982 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc n (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0) \u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 n \u098f\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0993 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u0997<\/strong>:<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, mvr=n\\frac{h}{2\\pi}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ac\u09be, v=\\frac{nh}{2\\pi mr}<\/span>………(1)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7, r=\\frac{n^2h^2}{4\\pi^2 mZe^2}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 (i) \u09a8\u0982 \u098f \u09ac\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0987,<\/span> v=\\frac{nh}{2\\pi m}.\\frac{1}{r}=\\frac{nh}{2\\pi m}.\\frac{4\\pi^2mZe^2}{n^2h^2}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nv=\\frac{2\\pi Ze^2}{nh}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u2234\u00a0\u00a0 n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 v_n=\\frac{2\\pi Ze^2}{nh}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09e7\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 v_1=\\frac{2\\pi Ze^2}{h}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\\therefore \\frac{v_n}{v_1}=\\frac{2\\pi Ze^2}{nh}.\\frac{h}{2\\pi Ze^2}=\\frac{1}{n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u09ac\u09be,v_n=v_1.\\frac{1}{n}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0998\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09af\u09bc :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 v_n=\\frac{2\\pi Ze^2}{nh}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7,\u00a0 r_n=\\frac{n^2h^2}{4\\pi^2mZe^2}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u2234 n \u09a4\u09ae \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be =2\\pi r_n <\/span><\/span>=\\frac{2\\pi n^2 h^2}{4\\pi^2 m Ze^2}=\\frac{n^2h^2}{2\\pi mZe^2}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u2234<\/span> n \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u0998\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    =\\frac{\u09ac\u09c7\u0997}{\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf}=\\frac{2\\pi Ze^2}{nh} \\div \\frac{n^2h^2}{2\\pi m Ze^2}=\\frac{4\\pi^2mZ^2e^4}{n^3h^3}<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1913 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09b2\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ae \u09ae\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 (Bohr Atomic Model) \u09ac\u09b2\u09be<\/p>\n

    Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3024,4226,3031,50],"tags":[666,734,735],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=823"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11983,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/823\/revisions\/11983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/10minuteschool.com\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}