Tenses
Present tense
Present Indefinite
Present indefinite: Present indefinite tense regular or normal or true expression প্রকাশ করে এবং verb এর main form use করে।
Structure: Sub + principle verb (s/es) + object
- Be verb হলে am/is/are
Universal Truth = Every mother loves her child/ Nobody likes a liar/ The sun rises in the east
Imperative Sentence = Please do the work/ Let him go there/ Don’t run in the sun
Habitual Activity = I usually get up early in the morning/ He reads the holy Quran every day.
Present Continuous
Structure: Subject + am/is/are.. + principle verb (+ing) + object
Example – The baby is crying
- Like, love, hate, know, believe etc are non – continuous verbs. এগুলো present indefinite tense এ ব্যবহার করলেও present continuous এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।
Present Perfect
Present perfect tense: এমন কাজকে বোঝায় যা past এর indefinite সময়ে বা past এ শুরু হয়ে এখনো চলছে।
Structure: Sub + has/have + principle verb (past participle form) + object
Example – the government has taken care of the food crisis issue.
Present Perfect Continuous
Structure: Subject+ has/have been+ verb(+ing) + object+ since/for + time limit
- Point of time- since (হতে/থেকে)
He has been working here since 2016 ( ২০১৬ থেকে)
- Duration of time- for (ধরে/যাবৎ)
He has been working here for 3 hours ( ৩ ঘণ্টা ধরে)
Past Tense
Past Indefinite
Structure:
- subject+ past form of principle verb + object
Example- My brother did well in the exam.
- Present indefinite/ present perfect clause +since+ past indefinite clause
Example- Two years have passed since his mother died
Past Continuous
Structure: Subject+ was/were+ verb(+ing)+ object
Example- He was always asking for our help.
- As, when, while থাকলে subordinate clause এর ক্ষেত্রে past continuous tense হয় Such as- While I was walking in the field I found a purse.
Past Perfect
Structure 1: (Subject+ had+ past participle of principle verb +object) + before + past indefinite
Structure 2: Past Indefinite + after+ (Subject+ had+ past participle of principle verb +object)
Example- He reached home after his mother had died.
Past Perfect Continuous
Structure: Subject + had been + verb-ing+ object (নির্দিষ্ট সময় ধরে চলছিল)
Example- Everything had been going so well/ He had been reading a book for an hour
Future Tense
Future Indefinite
Structure: subject + will/shall+ present form of verb+ object
Example- He will play well tomorrow/I shall do the assignment later
- যেকোনো conditional sentence-এ যদি subordinate clause –টি present indefinite tense হয়, তাহলে principle clause-টি future indefinite হবে।
Example: If you come late, you will miss the train
Future Continuous
Structure: Subject+ will/shall be +verb-ing+ object
Example: I shall be writing a letter in the morning.
Future Perfect
Structure: Subject+ will/shall have +verb-past participle form+ object +by/within+ time
Example: They will have finished the work by six o’clock
- Point of time – by
- Duration of time- within (সময়ের পরিমাণ)
Future Perfect Continuous
Structure: Subject+ will/shall have been +verb-ing+ object + since /for + time
Example: We will have been waiting for five hours (৫ ঘণ্টা ধরে অপেক্ষা করতে থাকবো)
- Point of time – since
- duration of time-for